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ObjectiveFebrile seizures (FS) are fever‐associated convulsions, being the most common seizure disorder in early childhood. A subgroup of these children later develops epilepsy characterized by a hyperexcitable neuronal network in the hippocampus. Hippocampal excitability is regulated by the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) where postnatal neurogenesis occurs. Experimental FS increase the survival of...
ObjectiveAbsence seizures in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) may in part be explained by a decrease in phasic GABAA (type‐A γ‐aminobutyric acid) receptor function, but the mechanisms are only partly understood. Here we studied the relation between ictal and interictal spike‐wave discharges (SWDs) and electroencephalography (EEG) gamma oscillatory activity (30–60 Hz) in patients...
ObjectivesWe aimed to determine whether implementation of a structured multidisciplinary electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring pathway improved the timeliness of administration of antiseizure medication in response to electrographic seizures in encephalopathic critically ill children.
MethodsA multidisciplinary team developed a pathway to standardize EEG monitoring and seizure management in encephalopathic...
Abnormally enhanced glutamatergic excitation is commonly believed to mark the onset of a focal seizure. This notion, however, is not supported by firm evidence, and it will be challenged here. A general reduction of unit firing has been indeed observed in association with low‐voltage fast activity at the onset of seizures recorded during presurgical intracranial monitoring in patients with focal,...
ObjectiveTo obtain perspective on epilepsy in patients referred to tertiary centers in France, and describe etiology, epilepsy syndromes, and identify factors of drug resistance and comorbidities.
MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of the characteristics of 5,794 pediatric and adult patients with epilepsy included in a collaborative database in France between 2007 and 2013. Comparisons...
ObjectiveThe need for alternative pharmacologic strategies in treatment of epilepsies is pressing for about 30% of patients with epilepsy who do not experience satisfactory seizure control with present treatments. In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) even up to 80% of patients are pharmacoresistant, and surgical resection of the ictogenic tissue is only possible for a minority of TLE patients. In this...
Mutations in the KCNQ2 gene encoding the voltage‐gated potassium channel subunit Kv7.2 cause early onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE). Most mutations have been shown to induce a loss of function or to affect the subcellular distribution of Kv7 channels in neurons. Herein, we investigated functional consequences and subcellular distribution of the p.V175L mutation of Kv7.2 (Kv7.2V175L) found in...
ObjectiveSmall temporal pole encephalocele (STPE) can be the pathologic substrate of epilepsy in a subgroup of patients with noninformative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Herein, we analyzed the clinical, neurophysiologic, and radiologic features of the epilepsy found in 22 patients with STPE, and the frequency of STPE in patients with refractory focal epilepsy (RFE).
MethodsWe performed an observational...
ObjectiveInhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been suggested as a possible antiepileptogenic strategy in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here we aim to elucidate whether mTOR inhibition has antiepileptogenic and/or antiseizure effects using different treatment strategies in the electrogenic post–status epilepticus (SE) rat model.
MethodsEffects of mTOR inhibitor rapamycin...
ObjectiveTo investigate if, when, and to what extent visual information contained in a video‐recorded event allows experienced epileptologists to predict the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) without the aid of electroencephalography (EEG).
MethodsFive neurologists actively practicing in epilepsy centers in Italy and the United States were asked to review 23 videos capturing representative...
ObjectiveMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Some dysregulated miRNAs have been shown to play important roles in epileptogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine if miR‐199a‐5p regulates seizures and seizure damage by targeting the antiapoptotic protein silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1).
MethodsHippocampal expression...
ObjectiveTo investigate effects of interictal epileptic activity (IEA) and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on reactivity and aspects of the fitness to drive for epilepsy patients.
MethodsForty‐six adult patients with demonstration of focal or generalized bursts of IEA in electroencephalography (EEG) readings within 1 year prior to inclusion irrespective of medication performed a car driving computer test...
ObjectiveTo describe the natural history of electroencephalography (EEG) changes in patients with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) over 1 year.
MethodsCentrotemporal spikes were visually evaluated based on 24‐h ambulatory EEG studies to determine the total, left, right, and bilateral centrotemporal spikes patients were awake and asleep. These spike rates were then used to compare...
ObjectiveDuring critical periods of brain development, both seizures and anticonvulsant medications can affect neurodevelopmental outcomes. In rodent models, many anticonvulsants trigger neuronal apoptosis. However, white matter apoptosis (WMA) has not been examined after anticonvulsant drug treatment. Herein, we sought to determine if anticonvulsant drugs induced apoptosis in the developing white...
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by reduced volume of the brainstem and cerebellum. We report two male siblings who presented with early infantile clonic seizures, and then developed infantile spasms associated with prominent isolated cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using whole exome sequencing techniques,...
ObjectiveIn 2014 the European Union–funded E‐PILEPSY project was launched to improve awareness of, and accessibility to, epilepsy surgery across Europe. We aimed to investigate the current use of neuroimaging, electromagnetic source localization, and imaging postprocessing procedures in participating centers.
MethodsA survey on the clinical use of imaging, electromagnetic source localization, and...
The recognizable electroencephalography (EEG) pattern of ring chromosome 20 epilepsy syndrome can be missing in patients with r(20) chromosomal anomaly, and may be found in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy of other origin. This study aims to search for more specific EEG signs by using long‐term recordings and measuring the duration of paroxysmal anomalies. The series included 12 adult patients...
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